12.24 工程和子工程——REAPER用户手册中文版

琴韵晓波

楼主 琴韵晓波说：
12.24 Projects and Subprojects
12.24 工程和子工程

A powerful feature of REAPER is the ability to build a master project that uses any number of subprojects, rather than having to store all your individual tracks, folders and media items within a single project file. This has many potential applications but is likely to be especially useful for projects which require a very large number of tracks or for sound design projects where you might wish to use subprojects to build a single overall audio item. The more the subprojects contain multiple media items which need intricate editing, or make use of features such as automation, parameter modulation and FX, the greater the potential benefits (in terms of project management) of using subprojects. Another example might be for a single subproject (or proxy) to be used in multiple projects (for example, advertisements), so that when it is updated all of the “master” projects are automatically updated.
REAPER的一个强大功能是,能够建立一个使用任何数量的子工程的主工程,而不是必须将所有单独的轨道、文件夹和媒体对象存储在同一个工程文件中。这有许多潜在的应用,但对于需要大量轨道的工程或声音设计工程(您可能希望使用子工程来构建单个整体音频对象)来说,这可能特别有用。子工程包含的需要复杂编辑的多个媒体对象越多,或者利用自动化、参数调制和FX等功能,使用子工程的潜在好处(在工程管理方面)就越大。另一个例子可能是在多个工程(例如,广告)中使用同一个子工程(或代理),这样当更新时,所有的“主”工程都会自动更新。
Before working with subprojects, however, you should first develop a solid knowledge and understanding of REAPER's essential project building features, such as (but not confined to) audio and MIDI recording, the media explorer, editing media items, track and item FX, and automation. In principle, subprojects are not too difficult to understand. In overview, the basic steps involved in using it are as follows:
然而,在使用子工程之前,您应该首先对REAPER的基本工程构建功能有扎实的了解,例如(但不限于)音频和MIDI录制、媒体资源管理器、编辑媒体对象、轨道和对象FX以及自动化。原则上,子工程并不太难理解。总而言之,使用它所涉及的基本步骤如下:
1. Create a new project file in the normal way (Ctrl N), and save it. In doing this, it is advisable to select the option to create a subdirectory for the project. Consider also whether you wish to use one of the options to copy or move all media into the project directory.
1.按常规方式(Ctrl+N)新建工程文件,保存。在执行此操作时,建议选择“为工程创建子目录”选项。还要考虑是否要使用其中一个选项“复制或移动全部媒体文件到工程目录”。
2. Create (either by recording or importing, or some combination of both) one or more tracks for this project, such as some foundation tracks or a guide track. You do not have to do this before adding any subprojects, but it can often make sense to do so.
2.为该工程创建一条或多条轨道(通过录制或导入,或两者的某种组合),例如一些基础轨道或参考轨。在添加任何子工程之前,您不必这样做,但这样做通常是有意义的。
3. Create a track to “hold” your subproject. The reason for this should become clear shortly. Name this track: e.g., if it is for drums, call it Drums, or for strings, call it Strings, or for foley or sound effects call it Foley or SFX, and so on.
3.创建一条轨道,来保存您的子工程。原因应该很快就会明朗。将此轨道命名:例如,如果是鼓,则将其命名为“Drums”;如果是弦乐,则将其命名为“Strings”;如果是foley或音效,则将其命名为“Foley”或“SFX”,依此类推。
4. Select this track and choose the command Insert, New subproject. If you wish, you can set the initial length of the subproject by defining a time selection before doing this. When prompted, accept the default name or make up a name (e.g. DrumsSub, StringsSub, etc.) and click on Save.
4.选择此轨道,然后选择命令“插入”、“新子工程”。如果愿意,可以在执行此操作之前,通过定义时间选区,来设置子工程的初始长度。出现提示时,接受默认名称,或另取一个名称(例如,“DrumsSub”、“StringsSub”等)。然后单击保存。
5. A short media item will be inserted at the play cursor position. This is (or represents) the subproject.
5.在播放光标位置插入一个短媒体对象。这是(或表示)子工程。
6. Double-click on this item to open the sub-project in a new tab. Two markers are automatically created, (=START and =END) at the start and end of the subproject. They define the rendered portion of the subproject, and can be moved or deleted at any time.
6.双击此对象,在新选项卡中打开子工程。将在子工程的开始和结束处自动创建两个标记(“=START”和“=END”)。它们定义子工程的渲染部分,并且可以随时移动或删除。
7. Build your subproject by recording or importing media as required. Various options that control playback behavior when working with multiple projects open are available on the project tab context menu. We'll get round to explaining these shortly.
7.根据需要录制或导入媒体,构建您的子工程。在使用多个打开的工程时,可以使用工程选项卡上下文菜单中的各种选项来控制回放行为。我们很快就会抽出时间来解释这些。
8. When finished, press Ctrl S to save the subproject. The media items will be rendered to a single file which will appear as a single media item on its own track in the main project.
8.完成后,按Ctrl+S键保存子工程。媒体对象将被渲染到同一个文件,该文件将在主工程中显示为其自身轨道上的一个独立的媒体对象。
9. Display the main project (select its project tab). You may need to extend the length of the media item on the sub project track to display its contents. You may now close the subproject file if you wish. It can be re-opened by double-clicking on the media item in the main project file. With large projects (e.g. with many sample based instruments) that are slow to load it can be simpler just to keep them open, although doing so will use more RAM.
9.显示主工程(选择其工程选项卡)。您可能需要加长子工程轨道上媒体对象的长度,才能显示其内容。如果愿意,现在可以关闭该子工程文件。可以通过双击主工程文件中的媒体对象来重新打开它。对于加载速度较慢的大型工程(例如,有许多基于采样的乐器),保持它们打开可能会更简单,尽管这样做会使用更多的内存。
10. When you play the main project file, its output will now include the rendered contents of your subproject.
10.播放主工程文件时,其输出现在将包含子工程的渲染内容。
Example
示例
Let's now look at an example of how this might be done in practice. To make it easier to understand, this example will be kept to a simple project. After reading thru this, you might be able to then think of a further example that you can try out for yourself using your own projects.
现在让我们看一个如何在实践中做到这一点的例子。为便于理解,此示例将保留为一个简单的工程。在通读本文之后,您可能会想到另一个示例,您可以使用自己的工程亲自试用。
1. Here we have created a new project file, and saved it into its own subdirectory, calling it WaitingMain.RPP, We have recorded a guide track and added a second track, called Drums.
1.在这里,我们创建了一个新的工程文件,并将其保存到自己的子目录中,名为“WaitingMain.RPP”,我们录制了一条参考轨,并添加了第二条轨道,名为“Drum”。
2. After selecting the Drums track we used the command Insert, New subproject to insert a subproject which we named and saved as DrumsSub.RPP. Notice both the short media item that is automatically added to the track and the new project tab above the toolbar.
2.在选择Drums轨道后,我们使用命令“插入”、“新子工程”插入一个子工程,我们将其命名并保存为DrumsSub.RPP。请注意自动添加到轨道中的短媒体对象和工具栏上方的新工程选项卡。
3. Using DrumsSub.RPP we build our drum tracks in the normal way. For the sake of simplicity, in this example we have just added two tracks, but of course we could have as many as we require. Whenever we play these back, the guide track in the master project will also be heard.
3.使用DrumsSub.RPP,我们以正常的方式构建我们的鼓轨道。为简单起见,在本例中我们只添加了两条轨道,但当然我们可以根据需要添加任意多的轨道。每当我们回放这些内容时,也会听到主工程中的参考轨道。
4. Track volume and pan settings are adjusted as required, FX and envelopes are added, and so on. When finished, we move the =END marker to the end of the tracks.
4.轨道音量和声像设置根据需要进行调整,添加FX和包络,依此类推。完成后,我们将“=END”标记移动到轨道的末尾。
5. We now save this file. Notice that audio output is rendered as the file is saved. We return to the main project. At first sight, nothing seems to have changed:
5.我们现在保存此文件。请注意,在保存文件时会渲染音频输出。我们回到主工程。乍一看,一切似乎都没有改变:
6. However, when we extend the media item to the right, we can see the rendered drums.
6.但是,当我们向右扩展媒体对象时,我们可以看到渲染的鼓:
7. If we close the DrumsSub project and play the main project file, the rendered drums can clearly be heard along with the guide track.
7.如果我们关闭鼓子工程,并播放主工程文件,则可以清楚地听到渲染的鼓轨和参考轨的声音。
8. Any later changes that we make to the DrumsSub project will be included in the audio file that is rendered when the subproject is saved. Thus, when the main project is next opened, the audio item on the Drums track will include these updates.
8.稍后我们对鼓子工程所做的任何更改,都将包含在保存该子工程时,渲染的音频文件中。因此,下次打开主工程时,鼓轨道上的音频对象将包括这些更新。
9. We can now add further subprojects, in this example one each for the vocals and the rhythm section. The guide track is no longer required: it can be muted and hidden. We can also make further edits, add FX, etc. to the rendered subproject tracks: This example has been kept simple for learning purposes.
9.我们现在可以添加更多的子工程,在本例中,人声部分和节奏部分各有一个子工程。不再需要参考轨:可以将其静音和隐藏。我们还可以对渲染的子工程轨道进行进一步编辑、添加FX等: 出于学习的目的,这个示例一直保持简单。
In practise, subprojects are most useful when working with complex and intense applications such as movie scores, radio programs, large orchestral arrangements, game/video sound design and electronic music production. Another potential application is in finalising an album, with each song being inserted as a separate subproject within a master project.
在实践中,子工程在处理复杂而密集的应用程序(如电影配乐、广播节目、大型管弦乐编曲、游戏/视频音响设计和电子音乐制作)时最有用。另一个潜在的应用是完成一张专辑,每首歌都作为一个单独的子工程插入到一个主工程中。
Working with subprojects … some handy tips and hints
使用子工程...。一些方便的小贴士和提示
It's easy to stumble and make (sometimes elementary) mistakes when trying out something new. These comments are not comprehensive but they are here to help you.
在尝试新的东西时,很容易犯错误(有时是初级的)。这些注释并不全面,但它们会对你有所帮助。
Creating a subproject file
创建子工程文件
● It's not the end of the world if you forget to position the edit cursor in the master project accurately before creating a subproject. You can move the media item within the master project file later.
● 如果在创建子工程之前忘记在主工程中准确定位编辑光标,这并不是世界末日。您可以稍后在主工程文件中移动媒体对象。
● You can specify the position and length of a subproject by defining a time selection before you create it.
● 可以通过在创建子工程之前定义时间选区,来指定子工程的位置和长度。
● It usually pays to ensure that the master project is set up within a new folder, and the subprojects are all stored in that same folder.
● 通常情况下,确保主工程设置在一个新文件夹中,并且所有子工程都存储在同一文件夹中,这通常是值得的。
● Don't use the name of an existing file in the same folder as a subproject file name. If you do, you will overwrite that file with a new empty one.
● 不要使用与子工程文件名位于同一文件夹中的现有文件名。如果这样做,您将用一个新的空文件覆盖该文件。
● Individual media items from an existing project file can be imported into a subproject file in the usual way (e.g. using REAPER's Insert, Media item command, or via the media explorer).
● 现有工程文件中的单个媒体对象,可以按常规方式导入到子工程文件中(例如,使用REAPER的“插入”、“媒体对象”命令,或通过媒体资源管理器)。
● An existing .RPP project file can be imported into a master project as a new subproject media item (see right). Either drag and drop the .RPP file from media explorer into an empty track in the master file, and when prompted choose Insert project as media item, or select the empty track and use the Insert, Media file... command.
● 现有的.RPP工程文件可以作为新的子工程媒体对象导入到主工程中(请参见右侧)。将.rpp文件从媒体资源管理器拖放到主文件中的空轨道中,并在出现提示时,选择“作为媒体对象插入工程”,或者选择空轨道,并使用“插入”、“媒体文件...”命令。
● An existing media item (or item selection) in a master project file can be moved from the master file to a new subproject file. Right-click on the item(s) and choose Move items to new subproject. Items within the selection on the same track will be moved to a single subproject file. Items on different tracks will be each be moved into a separate subproject file. The subproject file is fully editable: its contents will appear in the master project as a single item, which will be updated each time the subproject is saved.
● 主工程文件中的现有媒体对象(或对象选择)可以从主文件移动到新子工程文件。右键单击对象,然后选择“移动对象到新子工程”。同一轨道上选择中的对象,将被移动到同一个子工程文件中。不同轨道上的每个对象,都将移动到各自对应的独立的子工程文件中。子工程文件是完全可编辑的:其内容将作为单个对象显示在主工程中,每次保存子工程时都会更新该工程。
● An entire track or selection of existing tracks in a master project file can be converted into a subproject by following these steps:
● 通过执行以下步骤,可以将主工程文件中的整条轨道或选中的现有轨道转换为子工程:
1. In the TCP, select the track or a number of tracks. If these are enclose in a folder, include the folder in your selection.
1.在TCP中,选择一条或多条轨道。如果这些包含在文件夹中,请将该文件夹包括在您的选择中。
2. From the main menu, choose Track, Move tracks to new subproject. The tracks (including any folders) will be moved and saved to a new subproject file: their output will appear in the master file as a rendered single item on a single track. Note, however, that any sends/receives between the selected tracks and any other tracks in the master file will be removed.
2.从主菜单中选择“轨道”、“移动轨道到新子工程”。轨道(包括任何文件夹)将被移动并保存到新的子工程文件中:它们的输出将在主文件中显示为同一条轨道上渲染的单个对象。但是,请注意,所选轨道与主文件中任何其他轨道之间的任何发送/接收都将被删除。
Working with subproject files
使用子工程文件
● If your master/subproject arrangements become very complicated, and you wish to be able to save without having to wait for rendering to complete, click on one of the project tabs and enable the option Defer rendering of subprojects (render on tab switch rather than on save).
● 如果主工程/子工程安排变得非常复杂,并且您希望无需等待渲染完成即可进行保存,请单击其中一个工程选项卡,然后启用选项“推迟子工程的渲染(在选项卡切换时渲染,而不是在保存时渲染)”。
● A new subproject file will take some project settings (e.g. BPM, time sig) from the master project file. However, changes to master project settings will not be automatically applied to subprojects.
● 新的子工程文件将从主工程文件中获取一些工程设置(例如BPM、拍号)。但是,对主工程设置的更改不会自动应用到子工程。
● You do not need to have the master file (or any other file) open when you are working on a subproject file. The file will be automatically re-rendered when you save your changes, and it is this re-rendered version that will be displayed when you next open the master file. However, often you will want to have the master project file open, to give your subproject file(s) relevant context.
● ?在处理子工程文件时,不需要打开主文件(或任何其他文件)。保存更改时将自动重新渲染该文件,下次打开主文件时将显示该重新渲染的版本。但是,您通常会希望打开主工程文件,以便为您的子工程文件提供相关的关联。
● The =START and =END markers can be used to ensure that only a portion of the material in a subproject file is rendered and returned to the master file when the project is saved (shown below).
● “=START”标记和“=END”标记,可用于确保在保存工程时,仅渲染部分子工程文件中的素材,并将其返回到主文件(如下所示)。
● If you delete these two markers, the entire project from the start (zero on timeline) to the end of the last item will be rendered when the file is saved. This could lead to the loss of reverb tails if the reverb is intended to play beyond the end of the last item.
● 如果删除这两个标记,则保存文件时,将渲染从开始(时间轴上为零)到最后一个对象结束的整个工程。如果混响要在最后一个对象结束后播放,这可能会导致混响尾部丢失。
● When you play back a subproject file with Run background projects and Synchronize any parent projects on playback enabled, the item takes in the master file that correspond with that subproject file will be automatically muted, and remains so as long as that subproject remains the active project.. This prevents the same material from being played twice.
● 在启用了“运行后台工程”和“播放子工程时同步任何父级工程”的情况下,回放子工程文件时,与该子工程文件对应的主文件中的对象,将自动静音,并且只要该子工程保持激活工程,该工程就会一直保持静音状态。这可以防止同一素材被播放两次。
● If when w7orking on a subproject file you wish to hear only the contents of that file on playback, you should disable the project tab option Synchronize any parent projects on playback.
● 如果在处理子工程文件时,希望在回放时,仅听到该文件的内容,则应禁用工程选项卡中的“在回放时同步所有父级工程”选项。
● Be aware that if a subproject has been edited within the parent project (e.g. with FX, playrate changes, etc.) the Synchronize any parent projects on playback option may not produce the same results as playback of the parent project would provide.
● 请注意,如果在父级工程内编辑子工程(例如,使用FX、更改播放速率等),“播放时同步任何父级工程”的选项,可能不会产生与回放父级工程相同的结果。
● You have already learnt that when a subproject file is saved its contents are rendered to audio. This process uses that file's project render realtime/online settings. Thus, if you wish you can use different render settings for different subproject files.
● 您已经了解到,在保存子工程文件时,其内容将渲染为音频。此过程使用该文件的工程渲染实时/在线设置。因此,如果愿意,可以对不同的子工程文件使用不同的渲染设置。
● A subproject file can be auditioned in media explorer. Navigate to the correct folder, and select the .RPP project in the usual way. The audio render will be played. This enables you to play it back in media explorer without having to open it. Within media explorer, the Options menu includes Auto-render proxy (subproject) to preview REAPER.RPP projects. If enabled, this ensures that when you select an .RPP subproject view for preview, if it needs rendering it will automatically be rendered.
● 可以在媒体资源管理器中试听子工程文件。导航到正确的文件夹,并按常规方式选择.RPP工程。播放音频渲染。这使您可以在媒体资源管理器中播放它,而不必打开它。在媒体资源管理器中,“选项”菜单包括“自动渲染代理(子工程)以预览REAPER.RPP工程”。如果启用,则可确保,在选择.RPP子工程的视图中进行预览时,如果需要渲染,则会自动进行渲染。
● Within the main project file, you can create a new take of any subproject item. Just right-click on the media item and from the context menu choose Open items in editor, then Open item copies in subproject tab. You will now have two subproject files for this track. These two files can be edited independently of each other and will be displayed in the master project as two separate takes. They can be manipulated and edited in exactly the same way as any other takes.
● 在主工程文件中,可以创建任何子工程对象的新片段。只需右键单击媒体对象,然后从上下文菜单中选择“在编辑器中打开对象”,然后在子工程选项卡中打开对象副本。现在,您将拥有该轨道的两个子工程文件。这两个文件可以彼此独立编辑,并将在主工程中显示为两个单独的片段。可以使用与任何其他片段完全相同的方式对其进行操作和编辑。
● Your subproject files, like other project files, can include markers and regions, as you wish. On saving, any regions will be identifiable within that subproject's rendered media item in the main project file.
● 您的子工程文件与其他工程文件一样,可以根据您的需要包括标记和区间。保存时,可以在主工程文件中的,该子工程的渲染媒体对象内,标识任何区间。
Summary of master and subproject project tab options
主工程和子工程选项卡选项摘要
Parent projects:
父级工程:
If you enable the option Run background projects then you can fine tune how the background projects should behave by enabling or disabling any or all of the options Run stopped background projects, Play stopped background projects with active project and Synchronize play start times w/play background projects.
如果启用选项“运行后台工程”,则可以通过启用或禁用以下任何或全部选项,来微调后台工程的行为方式: “运行停止的后台工程”、“将停止的后台工程与活跃工程一起播放”以及“将播放开始时间与播放后台工程同步”。
Subprojects:
子工程:
If you enable the option Run background projects then you can fine tune how the background projects should behave by enabling or disabling any or all of the options Synchronize any parent projects on playback, Run stopped background projects, Play stopped background projects with active project and Synchronize play start times w/play background projects.
如果启用选项“运行后台工程”,则可以通过启用或禁用以下任一或全部选项来微调后台工程的行为: “在播放时同步任何父级工程”、“运行停止的后台工程”、“将停止的后台工程与活跃工程一起播放”以及“将播放开始时间与播放后台工程同步”。
On both parent and subproject project tabs various subproject rendering toggle options are available.
在父级工程和子工程选项卡上,都提供了各种子工程渲染切换选项。
These are Do not automatically render subprojects (require manual render), Prompt before automatic rerender of background subprojects, Defer rendering of subprojects (render on tab switch rather than save) and Leave subproject open in tab after automatic open and render.
他们是“不自动渲染子工程(需要手动渲染)”,“在自动重新渲染后台子工程之前提示”,“推迟子工程的渲染(在选项卡切换时渲染,而不是在保存时渲染)”和“自动打开并渲染后,将子工程保留打开在选项卡中”。

琴韵晓波

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