14.1 记谱法简介——REAPER用户手册中文版

琴韵晓波

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14.1 A Brief Introduction to Notation
14.1 记谱法简介

In a broad sense, the term notation can be applied to any system that uses written symbols to represent musical notes. Thus, the piano roll view of REAPER's MIDI Editor can be seen as a type of notation, as is the use of guitar tabs, which you might have encountered elsewhere. However, in practice the term “notation” is often used to refer to modern staff notation. This was developed for use with European classical music, but is now widely used to represent music of many genres. This chapter will focus on the use of REAPER's notation editor for modern staff notation. First, here is a general introduction.
从广义上讲,“记谱法”这个术语,可应用于任何使用书写符号来表示音符的系统。因此,REAPER的MIDI编辑器的钢琴卷帘视图可以被视为一种记谱法,就像你在其他地方可能遇到的吉他六线谱的使用一样。然而,在实践中,术语“记谱法”经常被用来指现代的五线谱记谱法。它最初是为与欧洲古典音乐一起使用而开发的,但现在被广泛用于表示许多流派的音乐。本章将重点介绍REAPER乐谱编辑器在现代的五线谱记谱法中的使用。首先,这里是一个概括性的介绍。
The practice of notation writing is sometimes also known as scoring. Notation is a huge subject about which there is much to learn, and the journey from complete beginner to competent achiever can be a long one. Many books are available on the subject, including Music Notation (Theory and Technique for Music Notation) by Mark McGrain and Music Notation and Terminology by Karl Wilson Gehrkens (available on line as a free download from Gutenberg). A handy short general introduction to understanding music theory and notation can be found on line at method-behind-the-music.com and tutorials at
把乐谱写下来的做法有时也被称为记谱。记谱法是一门很大的学科,有很多东西需要学习,从完全的初学者到有能力的成功者的旅程可能会很长。有很多关于这个主题的书籍,包括马克·麦克格伦的(音乐符号的理论与技术)与卡尔·威尔逊·格尔肯斯的(音乐符号和术语)(可以从Gutenberg在线免费下载)。有关理解音乐理论和记谱法的简明介绍,可以访问“method-bhind-the-music.com”,下面是“complete_theory_text(完整理论的文本)”的下载地址:
http://jkornfeld.net/complete_theory_text.pdf
If all this intimidates you, don't let it! You don't need to be able to read or write musical scores to be a musician. Robert Johnson, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton, Tommy Emmanuel and many, many others are all proof of that!
如果这一切吓到你了,不要让它发生!作为一名音乐家,你不需要能够阅读或书写乐谱。罗伯特·约翰逊、约翰·列侬、保罗·麦卡特尼、吉米·佩奇、吉米·亨德里克斯、埃里克·克莱普顿、汤米·伊曼纽尔以及其他许许多多人都证明了这一点!
This User Guide does not aim for the impossible goal of teaching everybody everything they could ever wish to know about notation scoring and editing, in just a few pages! Its purpose is to help you to learn how to start using REAPER's notation editor with such knowledge and skills as you can bring to the table.
这本用户指南的目标并不是在短短几页内教给每个人他们想知道的关于记谱法的记谱和编辑的一切,这是不可能实现的目标!它的目的是帮助你学习如何开始使用REAPER的乐谱编辑器,并掌握你可以运用到桌面上的知识和技能。
Below are illustrated some of the basic elements and terminology of notation scoring:
以下是记谱法记谱的一些基本元素和术语:
The staff is the five line grid on which notes can be written, and which is used to display the notes. If a MIDI item recorded using a keyboard or created by hand within the MIDI editor is opened in the notation editor, then that item will be automatically scored. You can also edit that score, or add to it, within the notation editor. The staff is divided into a number of measures for the duration of the piece. The number of beats to a measure is itself determined by the time signature (see also below).
五线谱是五条线的网格,可以在上面写音符,用来显示音符。如果在乐谱编辑器中打开使用键盘录制或在MIDI编辑器中手动创建的MIDI对象,则该对象将自动显示在谱面上。您还可以在乐谱编辑器中编辑或添加谱表。在作品的持续时间内,五线谱被分成多个小节。小节的拍数由拍号本身决定(另见下文)。
On the left end of the staff is displayed the clef. For the treble clef the first (lowest) line of the staff represents E this goes up alternately thru grid spaces and lines to F, G, A, B, C, D, E, and F. The bass clef uses the same musical alphabet but goes up G, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and A. Where a note needs to be displayed above or below the range covered by the staff, this is done using ledger lines.
在五线谱的左端显示的是谱号。对于高音谱号,五线谱的第一条(最低)线代表E音,它通过网格上的间和线向上交替,依次是F、G、A、B、C、D、E和F音。低音谱号使用相同的音乐字母,向上排列依次是G、A、B、C、D、E、F、G和A。如果音符需要显示在五线谱的范围之上或之下,则使用添加短线来完成。
A different symbol is used to represent each note, from double whole note or breve (not shown) thru (shown from left to right below) whole note (semibreve), half note (minim), quarter note (crotchet), eighth note (quaver), sixteenth note (semiquaver), thirty-second note (demi-semiquaver) and sixty-fourth note (semi-demi semiquaver). Above you can see where ties have been used to join together two or more adjacent notes of the same pitch, effectively creating a single longer note.
使用不同的符号表示每个音符,从音符的两倍(二全音符)到音符的一倍(全音符)、音符的二分之1(二分音符)、音符的四分之1(四分音符)、音符的八分之1(八分音符)、音符的十六分之一(十六分音符)、音符的三十二分之一(三十二分音符)和音符的六十四分之一(六十四分音符)。在上面你可以看到,连音线被用来将同一音高的两个或多个相邻音符连接在一起,有效地创造了一个更长的音符。
To the immediate right of the clef are the key signature (if present) and the time signature. The key signature designates notes to be played higher or lower than its corresponding natural note. The time signature determines how many beats there are per measure, and what kind of note gets the beat. For example, in 4/4 time there are four beats per measure with the quarter note getting the beat. In 3/4 time also the quarter note will get the beat, but with only three beats in a measure.
在谱号的正右侧是调号(如果有的话)和拍号。调号指定哪些音要演奏得高于或低于其相应的自然音。拍号决定每个小节有多少拍,以及以哪种音符为一拍。例如,在4/4拍内,每小节有四拍,以四分音符为一拍。在3/4拍内,也是以四分音符为一拍,但一小节只有三拍。
Finally in the diagram you can see Rests. A rest represents a period of silence in a bar. The duration of the rest corresponds to a note length and is indicated by the symbol used, as illustrated in the examples shown on the right.
最后,在图中您可以看到休止符。休止符代表在小节里静默一段时间。休止的持续时间与音符时值一一对应,并由使用的符号表示,如右侧示例所示。

琴韵晓波

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