14.7 乐谱编辑器特定任务和功能——REAPER用户手册中文版

琴韵晓波

楼主 琴韵晓波说：
14.7 Notation Editor Specific Tasks and Functions
14.7 乐谱编辑器特定任务和功能

Before delving too deeply into the notation mode's editing capabilities it's worth pausing to take on board a few important points:
在深入研究乐谱模式的编辑功能之前,有必要先停下来了解几点重要内容:
● If you have several MIDI items open together in a single notation editor you should display the track list (Contents, Track list). This enables you to make sure that any item that you wish to work on is at least editable, and, for many actions, also selected as the target for inserting events. One simple way of doing this is to make it the only item visible at the time (below right).
● 如果在同一个乐谱编辑器中同时打开多个MIDI对象,则应显示轨道列表(“内容”--“轨道列表”)。这使您能够确保,您希望处理的任何对象至少是可编辑的,并且对于许多操作,还可以选择作为插入事件的目标。一种简单的方法是,将其设置为当时唯一可见的对象(右下角)。
● Within the MIDI editor track list, use Ctrl Click on any track name to close a track, or Alt Click to close all other tracks.
● 在MIDI编辑器轨道列表中,使用按住Ctrl键单击任意轨道名称,关闭轨道,或使用按住Alt键单击,关闭所有其他轨道。
● Each MIDI item can have its own key signature, or no key signature. If no key signature is specified for an item, it will take its key signature from the previous item on the same track. If there is no previous item on the same track and no key signature defined, it will not have a key signature.
● 每个MIDI对象可以有自己的调号,也可以没有调号。如果没有为对象指定调号,则它将从同一轨道上的上一个对象中获取其调号。如果同一轨道上没有以前的对象,也没有定义调号,则它将没有调号。
● Only a relatively small number of the commands that are exclusive to musical notation view affect the actual MIDI notes themselves. These include deleting and inserting notes and setting tuplets. Other actions such as articulations, lyrics, notations, etc. will only affect what is drawn on the page, not the underlying notes themselves.
● 只有相对少数的乐谱视图专用的命令,会影响实际的MIDI音符本身。其中包括:删除和插入音符,以及设置连音。其他操作,如奏法、歌词、符号等,只会影响页面上显示的内容,而不会影响底层音符本身。
● You can right-click on the timeline (which displays the bar/measure numbers) to access the MIDI editor's general context menu.
● 您可以用鼠标右键单击时间轴以访问MIDI编辑器的常规上下文菜单,(显示小节线/小节序号)。
How the score is displayed
谱面的显示方式
When only a single track is being viewed, the notation will by default be displayed as a page, running from left to right and top to bottom, unless you are zoomed so closely as to display less than one full measure.
当仅查看一条轨道时,默认情况下,乐谱将显示为一页,从左到右、从上到下排列,除非您将其缩放到不到一个完整的小节。
When less than a full measure or more than one track is displayed, the display is continuous, running always and only from left to right. The MIDI Editor's main View menu includes a toggle Notation view options, Continuous view always. Enable this if you wish to use continuous view regardless of zoom level.
当显示的一条轨道不到一个完整小节,或有多条轨道时,显示是连续的,始终且仅从左到右运行。MIDI编辑器的主“视图”菜单包括切换“乐谱视图选项”、“总是连续视图”。如果您希望使用连续视图而不考虑缩放级别,请启用此选项。
The Staff and Note Context Menus: Editing Commands and Options
谱表和音符上下文菜单: 编辑命令和选项
The tables in this chapter use the default notation editor context menus, as they come with REAPER “out of the box.” However, both the notation staff and the notation note context menus can be customised to suit your particular requirements. How to customise menus is explained in the chapter following this one.
本章中的表格使用默认的乐谱编辑器上下文菜单,因为它们随REAPER一起“出厂设置”。不过,谱表符号和音符符号上下文菜单都可以进行自定义,以满足您的特定要求。如何定制菜单,在本章后面的章节中进行说明。
Track/measure task Method
轨道/小节任务    方法
Change default clef
更改默认谱号
To change the default clef, right-click over the clef and select Default clef from the menu. Options include Treble + Bass, Treble, Bass, Alto, Tenor, Treble -8, Treble +8, Treble+15, Bass -8, Bass-15, Percussion Percussion (one-line) or Chart. The chart option creates a staff with no notes, just beat markings, chords, and other notations.
要更改默认谱号,请在谱号上单击鼠标右键,并从菜单中选择“默认谱号”。选项包括:高音+低音、高音、低音、中音、男高音、高音-8、高音+8、高音+15、低音-8、低音-15、打击乐(单线)或图表。图表选项创建的谱表,没有音符,只有节拍标记、和弦和其他符号。
Transposing note display: Octaves and Semitones (See also Transpose Options.)
移调音符显示: 八度和半音(另请参见移调选项。)
The Transpose display command can be used to cause the notes on a track to be displayed up or down by up to 3 octaves and/or 11 semitones. This affects only the way notes are displayed, not the underlying MIDI.
移调显示命令,可用于使轨道上音符的显示最多升高或降低3个八度加11个半音。这只会影响音符的显示方式,而不会影响底层的MIDI。
Right-click at the start of a measure, choose Transpose display from the context menu, then select Octaves or Semitones. Octaves can be transformed within a range of +3 to -3. Semitones can be transformed within a range of +11 to -11. You can transpose by a combination of octaves and semitones if you wish: simply use this command twice. Use the Clear command from this menu to restore transposed notes to their previous state.
在小节开始处单击鼠标右键,从上下文菜单中选择“移调显示”,然后选择“八度”或“半音”。八度可以在+3到-3的范围内变换。半音可以在+11到-11的范围内变换。如果您愿意,您可以通过八度和半音的组合来移调: 只需使用此命令两次。使用此菜单中的“清除”命令,可以将移调后的音符恢复到以前的状态。
Transposing note display: Instruments (See also Transpose Options.)
移调音符显示: 乐器(另请参见移调选项。)
To transpose notes for a specific instrument, choose Transpose instruments from the Transpose display menu, then make your choice. Part of the range of options for transposing instruments is shown on the right. For example, to transpose the display for a clarinet you would select +3 Eb. Transposing display by itself does not result in any changes being made to the MIDI data. Note, however, that you do also have an option to allow transposing display to affect key signatures. This is discussed towards the end of this table. Use the Clear command from this menu to restore transposed notes to their previous state.
要移调特定乐器的音符,请从“移调显示”菜单中选择“移调乐器”,然后进行选择。移调乐器的部分选项如右图所示。例如,要移调显示单簧管,您可以选择“+3EB”。移调显示本身不会导致对MIDI数据进行任何更改。不过,请注意,您也可以选择允许“移调显示影响调号”。我们将在此表的末尾讨论这个问题。使用此菜单中的“清除”命令,可以将移调后的音符恢复到以前的状态。
Display quantization
显示量化
This command can be used to quantize your notation display, either for the whole project or on a per track basis. Tracks can be selected from the drop down list. Click on About display quantization... for further information.
此命令可用于量化整个工程或每条轨道的乐谱显示。可以从下拉列表中选择轨道。单击“关于显示量化...”,以获取更多信息。
Changing the clef
更改谱号
To insert a new clef at the start of a measure, right-click over the existing clef and choose Change clef then select from the list of available choices. These choices are the same as those available on the Default clef menu. To delete such a clef, right click and choose Delete from the change clef menu.
要在小节开始处插入新谱号,请在现有谱号上单击鼠标右键,并选择“更改谱号”,然后从可用选项列表中选择。这些选项与默认提示菜单上的选项相同。要删除这样的谱号,请右键单击,然后从“更改谱号”菜单中选择“删除”。
Change tempo/ time signature/ rhythm pattern
更改速度/拍号/节奏样式
To insert a time signature change at the start of any bar, right-click and choose Change tempo/ time signature/ rhythm pattern from the menu. This opens a dialog box (shown right) where you can make your changes. You can also change an existing tempo, time signature and/or the rhythm pattern setting in this way. Click OK to confirm.
要在任何小节线的起始处插入拍号更改,请右键单击并从菜单中选择“更改速度/拍号/节奏样式”。这将打开一个对话框(如右图所示),您可以在其中进行更改。您也可以通过这种方式更改现有的速度、拍号和节奏样式设置。单击确定以确认。
Change key signature
更改调号
Use this command from the context menu to insert a key signature change at the start of a bar. You can then select a root and type from the flyout menu.
使用上下文菜单中的此命令,可以在小节线的开始处插入调号更改。然后,可以从弹出菜单中选择主音和调式。
Project settings options
工程设置选项
After the measure setting options on the menu there are two project settings toggle options to determine the display of project tempo changes and accidentals (see right).
在菜单上的“小节设置”选项之后,有两个“工程设置”切换选项,用于确定“工程速度更改”和“变音记号”的显示(见右)。
Delete a key signature
删除调号
Right-click over the key signature and choose Change key signature then Delete key signature from context menu.
在调号上单击鼠标右键,从上下文菜单中选择“更改调号”,然后选择“删除调号”。
Options
选项
This group comprises various toggle options.
该组包括各种切换选项。
Key signature changes affect all tracks
调号更改影响全部轨道
Transposing display affects key signatures
移调显示影响调号
When transposing display, show transposed semitones below key sigs
当移调显示时,在调号下方显示移调的半音
Disable transposing display
禁用移调显示
Show project markers
显示工程标记
Show project regions
显示工程区间
General Editing Commands and Actions
常规编辑命令和操作
You can right-click just about anywhere except on a note or item to display a general menu of notation editing commands. These include the usual general editing commands (Copy, Cut, Paste, etc.) as well as these notation view specific commands:
除了音符或对象外,您几乎可以在任何地方单击鼠标右键以显示乐谱编辑命令的常规菜单。这些命令包括常见的常规编辑命令(复制、剪切、粘贴等)。以及乐谱视图特定的命令:
Dynamics, Text, Lyrics, Tuplet, Pedal, Voice, Hide No7tes, Chords
力度记号、文本、歌词、连音、踏板、声部、隐藏音符、和弦
These are explained in the table below.
这些内容在下表中进行说明。
Note also that on the MIDI Editor main menu, the View, Piano roll notes, Show notation text on notes command can be used to display notation text in piano roll view.
另请注意,在MIDI编辑器主菜单上,“视图”、“钢琴卷帘音符”、“显示音符上的乐谱文本”命令,可用于在钢琴卷帘视图中显示乐谱文本。
General editing task Method
常规编辑任务    方法
Dynamics
力度记号
Click on the staff to move edit cursor to required position. Right-click and choose Dynamics from the menu. This causes a flyout menu to be displayed, from which you can make any of a number of choices, such as: Crescendo (gradually increase volume) diminuendo (gradually reduce volume) pppp (as softly as possible), ppp (very, very softly), pp (very softly), p (softly) mp (mezzo piano, moderately soft), m (mezzo, moderately), mf (mezzo forte, moderately loud) f (forte, loudly), ff (fortissimo, very loud), fff, (very, very loud) ffff (as loud as possible). An example of how this is displayed is shown here. These notations are performance instructions only: they do not affect the MIDI data in the file.
点击谱表,将编辑光标移动到所需位置。右键单击并从菜单中选择“力度记号”。这会显示一个弹出式菜单,从中您可以选择许多选项中的任何一个,例如: Crescendo(渐强)、diminuendo(渐弱)、Pppp(尽可能弱)、PPP(非常非常弱)、PP(非常弱),P(弱)、MP(中弱,适度弱),M(适中,中等),mf(中强,中等音量)、F(强,大音量),FF(很强,非常强),FFF,(非常非常强)、Ffff(尽可能强)。这里显示了一个如何显示的示例。这些符号只是性能指令: 它们不会影响文件中的MIDI数据。
Insert text above score
在谱表上插入文本
Right click at required location, then choose Text/Custom and Enter text... from menu. Type text and press enter. To edit existing text, right click over it and select Text, Enter text... from menu. To remove, right-click and choose Remove.
右键单击所需位置,然后从“乐谱符号”菜单选择“文本/自定义”、“键入文本...”。键入文本并按回车键。要编辑现有文本,请在其上单击鼠标右键,从菜单中选择“文本”、然后输入文本。要移除,请右键单击并选择“移除”。
Change a dynamic notation
更改力度记号
To change a dynamic notation from one menu item to another (e.g. from pp to ppp), right click on the notation and make your selection from the menu. To change a notation from a menu item (such as pp or ff or crescendo) to text, double click on the notation, type the text and press Enter.
要将力度记号从一个菜单项更改为另一个菜单项(例如,从pp改成ppp),请右键单击符号,并从菜单中进行选择。要将某个符号从菜单项(如pp或ff或crescendo)更改为文本,请双击该符号,键入文本并按回车键。
Insert custom notation
插入自定义乐谱符号
From the context menu choose Text/Custom, then Custom Notation, type a name in the Name box, select a symbol and click OK. Your named custom notation is also automatically added to the Text/Custom menu for future selection.
从上下文菜单中选择“文本/自定义”,然后选择“自定义乐谱符号”,在名称框中键入名称,选择一个符号,并单击确定。您命名的自定义符号也会自动添加到“文本/自定义”菜单中,以供将来选择。
Extend or shrink a crescendo or diminuendo
拉长或缩短渐强符号或渐弱符号
Hover your mouse over the start or end of the item, so that the mouse cursor changes to a double-headed arrow. Click and drag left or right, as required.
将鼠标悬停在对象的开始或结束位置,以便鼠标光标变为双箭头。根据需要单击并向左或向右拖动。
Remove notation
移除符号
Click on the notation, press Delete key.
单击符号,按Delete键。
Move a notation or lyric
移动符号和歌词
Hover your mouse over the middle of the item, then click-hold-drag to drag and drop the item to its required position.
将鼠标悬停在对象中间,然后单击-按住-拖动将对象拖放到其所需位置。
Insert a lyric
插入歌词
Click on the staff to move the edit cursor to the required position. Right click and from the context menu choose the Lyrics command. Type your text and click on OK.
单击谱表以将编辑光标移动到所需位置。右键单击,然后从上下文菜单中选择“歌词”命令。键入您的文本,然后单击确定。
Remove lyrics
移除歌词
Click on existing lyric text, press Delete key.
点击现有歌词文本,按Delete键。
Edit lyrics
编辑歌词
Right-click over text to open text window. Make your changes and press Enter. You can also drag and drop to move lyrics. Lyrics can also be edited in event list mode (as, of course, can other events).
在文本上单击鼠标右键,打开文本窗口。进行更改,然后按回车键。您还可以通过拖放来移动歌词。歌词也可以在事件列表模式下编辑(当然,其他事件也可以)。
Insert sequential lyrics
插入连续的歌词
Type the first lyrics in the Edit lyric box, then click on Forward. With the cursor in the edit box, click Forward to move forward as required, then type the second part of the lyrics in the box. Repeat as needed, then click OK. The Back button can be used to move back thru your lyrics, for example to edit them.
在编辑歌词框中键入第一部分的歌词,然后单击“下一个”。将光标放在编辑框中时,单击“下一个”以根据需要向前移动,然后在框中键入歌词的第二部分。根据需要重复操作,然后单击确定。“上一个”按钮,可用于在歌词中后退,例如编辑歌词。
Create tuplet
创建连音
A tuplet is an irregular rhythm that involves dividing the beat into a number of subdivisions which differ from those usually allowed by the time signature. To insert a tuplet, first position the edit cursor, right click and choose Tuplet then Create tuplet... from the context menu.
连音是一种不规则的节奏,它涉及到将节拍划分为许多不同于拍号通常允许的细分。要插入连音,请首先定位编辑光标,右键单击,从上下文菜单中选择“连音”,然后选择“创建连音...”。
This displays the Create tuplet dialog. By default, a triplet (3:2) will be specified, but you can change this. You can select a note length in the range 1/128 to 1/2, and assign a voice (high or low) or accept the default. Staff position may be top or bottom. Your other option is whether to allow note positions to be modified.
这将显示创建连音对话框。默认情况下,将指定一个三连音(3比2),但您可以更改此设置。您可以选择1/128到1/2范围内的音符时值,然后指定声部(高声部或低声部)或默认。在谱表上的位置可以是上方,也可以是下方。您的另一个选项是是否允许修改音符位置。
Click on Create to create a tuplet bracket as a separate item on the staff. The Create tu[let dialog then becomes an Edit tuplet dialog. You can drag and drop this around as you wish. Click on Apply to “lock” the tuplet, then close the dialog box.
单击创建,将连音括弧线创建为谱表上的单独对象。然后,创建连音对话框变为编辑连音对话框。您可以随心所欲地拖放它。单击应用以“锁定”连音,然后关闭对话框。
Tuplets will impact on the actual MIDI events, e.g. by changing the original note position or length. Notes will snap to the tuplet stops as you edit them.
连音将影响实际的MIDI事件,例如通过更改原始音符的位置或长度。当您编辑音符时,音符将吸附到连音的定位点。
For example, a quarter note triplet starting at the beginning of the measure will span the first two beats of the measure and contain a stop at 2/3 beats and a stop at 4/3 beats (each quarter note triplet is 2/3 QN long, because a triplet fits 3 notes in the duration normally taken by 2).
例如,在小节开始处开始的四分音符三连音,他会跨越小节的前两拍,其中,一个定位点在2/3拍处,另一个定位点在4/3拍处(每个四分音符三连音的长度为四分音符的2/3,因为,在按通常的2分法的持续时间内,一组三连音包括3个音符)。
You can also alter the tuplet type after it's created: for example, you can switch a quarter note tuplet *=(3 QN in the space of 2) to a quarter note duplet (2 QN in the space of 3); the component notes will not change, but the tuplet itself will shorten.
您还可以在创建连音类型后对其进行更改:例如,您可以将一个四分音符连音*=(3个四分音符占2份)切换为一个四分音符二连音(2个四分音符占3份);构成的音符不会改变,但连音本身会变短。
More commonly used tuplets include 2:3 (duplet), 3:2 (triplet), 4:3, 5:4, 6:4. For example, a quarter note (crotchet) can be divided into three (triplet), five (quintuplet), six (sextuplet) or seven parts (octuplet). However, the Edit Tuplet dialog allows you to define whatever specifications you choose.
更常用的连音包括:2比3(二连音)、3比2(三连音)、4比3、5比4、6比4。例如,一个四分之一音符(四分音符)可以分为三个(三音节)、五个(五音节)、六个(六音节)或七个部分(八音节)。不过,编辑连音对话框允许您定义您选择的任何规格。
Where necessary, rests will automatically be added for missing notes in a tuplet. Rests are indicated by a symbol which represents the length of the pause.
必要时,会自动为连音中缺少的音符添加休止符。休止符由表示停顿时值的符号表示。
Move, Change or Edit a tuplet
移动、更改或编辑连音
To move a tuplet, simply drag and drop to the required position. To change a tuplet, right-click on the tuplet, choose Edit tuplet... from the menu, make your changes to dialog box settings and click on Apply.
要移动连音,只需拖放到所需位置即可。要更改连音,请右键单击连音,从菜单中选择“编辑连音...”,更改对话框设置,然后单击应用。
Remove a tuplet
移除连音
To remove a tuplet, click on the tuplet and press Delete. It can also be deleted using the Remove button in the Edit tuplet dialog.
要移除连音,请单击连音并按Delete键。也可以使用编辑连音对话框中的“移除”按钮将其删除。
Understand and manage tuplets
了解和管理连音
If the option Automatically detect triplets is enabled, them triplets will be autodetected. Auto-detected triplets will be displayed in gray. If you move or alter an auto-detected triplet (not the component notes, but the tuplet bracket itself) it will remain until you manually delete it.
如果启用了“自动检测三连音”选项,则将自动检测三连音。自动检测到的三连音将以灰色显示。如果移动或更改自动检测到的三连音(没有构成的音符,而是连音的括弧线本身),它将保持不变,直到您手动将其删除。
Right-click on a tuplet to open the Edit tuplet dialog. You can change note length, voice and/or staff position, or use the Remove button to delete it.
右键单击连音以打开编辑连音对话框。您可以更改音符时值、声部或在谱表上的位置,或使用删除按钮将其删除。
Tuplets can also be added and attached to note selections as they are inserted. This topic is covered in the next section.
连音也可以在插入时添加并附加到音符选择中。此主题将在下一节中介绍。
Pedal notation
踏板记号
Choose Pedal from the context menu for two pedal notation options - Engage pedal and Release pedal. You also have a toggle option to determine whether pedal notations should be displayed.
从上下文菜单中选择“踏板”可获得两个踏板符号选项——“踩下踏板”和“松开踏板”。您还可以使用切换选项来确定是否应显示踏板记号。
Set Voice
设置声部
The Voice command can be used to select All notes in default voice, All notes in high voice or All notes in low voice.
声部命令可用于选择“默认声部的全部音符”、“高声部的全部音符”或“低声部的全部音符”。
The method for setting notes to a specified voice is explained in the next table.
下表说明了为指定声部设置音符的方法。
Hide Notes
隐藏音符
The Hide Notes command can be used to hide notes in any specified octave. It is useful for hiding MIDI key switches or other events not intended to be played as music.
隐藏音符命令可用于隐藏任何指定音组内的音符。它对于隐藏MIDI键位控制,或其他不打算作为音乐演奏的事件非常有用。
Choose this command, then select your required octave from the flyout menu. Next, select a specific note from the list offered, or choose Hide octave to hide all notes in that octave. Repeat the same steps to unhide any specific currently hidden note. To restore the display of all currently hidden notes, choose Unhide all notes from the menu shown here.
选择此命令,然后从弹出菜单中选择所需的音组。接下来,从提供的列表中选择特定音符,或选择“隐藏该音组”以隐藏该音组中的全部音符。重复相同的步骤,以取消隐藏当前隐藏的任何特定音符。要恢复当前所有隐藏音符的显示,请从此处显示的菜单中选择“取消隐藏全部音符”。
Chords
和弦
Use this to access the toggle command Identify chords on editor grid.
使用此选项可访问切换命令“识别编辑器网格上的和弦”。

琴韵晓波

沙发 琴韵晓波说：
点此转到本章目录    点此转到总目录——【本文译者：王晓波，出处：视障者音乐制作交流基地】    点此转到REAPER+SWS+OSARA中文语言包下载页面