14.8 使用音符和音符选择——REAPER用户手册中文版

琴韵晓波

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14.8 Working with Notes and Note Selections
14.8 使用音符和音符选择

A number of commands specific to musical notation view are available from this view's own context menu. Select a note (or series of notes) and right-click to display this menu. It is well beyond the scope of this User Guide to attempt to teach music theory. Nevertheless, for those that need to learn more, the information in the table below might serve as a starting point by introducing you to some of these terms. These comments are offered for information and guidance only, and are not intended to be comprehensive or water-tight definitions.
许多特定于乐谱视图的命令可从该视图自己的上下文菜单中获得。选择一个音符(或一系列音符),然后右键单击以显示此菜单。尝试教授音乐理论远远超出了本用户指南的范围。不过,对于那些需要了解更多信息的人,下表中的信息可以作为一个起点,向您介绍其中一些术语。这些注释仅供参考和指导,并不是全面或无懈可击的定义。
Note Option... Comments ...
音符选项... 注释...
Accidentals
变音记号
Accidentals (sharps and flats) are an instruction to raise or lower the pitch of a note by half a step. Select the note, right click and select Accidental from the menu. You can then make your choice from the flyout menu. Different values will, of course, be available for different notes. The last of the options on this menu, Default notation for accidentals in C major, can be set to Sharp or Flat. The actions to move the note do actually move the note, not just change the display. If a note can be ambiguously written in either of two ways (for example, C sharp or D flat), the menu will offer a choice of which to display. This will not affect the actual MIDI note, only the notation.
变音记号(升号和降号)表示将音符的音高升高或降低一个半音。选择音符,右键单击,然后从菜单中选择“变音记号”。然后可以从弹出菜单中进行选择。当然,不同的音符会有不同的值。此菜单上的最后一个选项,C大调中变音记号的默认记号,可以设置为升号或降号。升降音符的操作实际上会升降音高,而不仅仅是更改显示。如果音符可以用两种方式中的任何一种不明确地书写(例如,C升或D降),则菜单将提供显示哪种方式的选择。这不会影响实际的MIDI音符,只会影响符号。
Stem
符干
This command enables you to over-ride the default stem direction for a note or note selection. Options are Stem up, Stem down, or restore Default stem direction.
此命令使您可以覆盖音符或音符选择的默认符干方向。选项包括:“符干朝上”,“符干朝下”,以及“默认符干方向。”
Lyrics
歌词
Inserts lyric at selected note position. Explained in previous table.
在选中的音符位置插入歌词。上一表中已进行了说明。
Beam
符杠
Right-click on a selected note and choose Beam, then Beam notes together to start beaming on any note. Do not beam notes can be used to remove beaming. This allows you to break up sets of beamed notes to better display the intended rhythm. For example, if four 1/16 notes are beamed together but intended to be phrased as 1+3 then you might wish to start a new beam on the second note. The option Default beaming restores a note selection to the default.
右键单击所选音符,然后选择“符杠”,然后选择“用符杠连接音符”,可以用符杠把音符连起来。“不用符杠连接音符”,可用来移除符杠。这使您可以拆分一组用符杠连接的音符,以便更好地显示所需的节奏。例如,如果四个16分音符被放在一起,但要将其表述为1+3,则需要从第二个音符上才开始共用新的符杠。选项“默认符杠”可将音符选择恢复为默认值。
Dot/Tie
附点/连音线
【译者注: 在圈内也有人把“连阴县”叫做“同音连线”】
This menu option can be used with a note selection. Right-click over the selection, then you can choose Dot/Tie and Minimize ties if possible to minimize the number of ties in a note selection. There is also an option to Minimize ties for all notes by default. Options also exist to Double dot if possible, Triple dot if possible and Do not double or triple dot note.
此菜单选项可与音符选择一起使用。在选择上单击鼠标右键,然后您可以选择“附点/连音线”,“尽可能最少化连音线数量”,将音符选择中的连音线数量简化到最少。还可以选择“按默认,最少化全部音符的连音线数量”。还有以下选项:“尽可能复附点”,“尽可能三附点”,“不用复附点或三附点音符”
Tuplet
连音
For detailed information about tuplets, see the preceding table General Editing Commands and Actions. Tuplets can also be defined as an attribute of a selection of notes. For example, you could set three notes to be a tuplet, and REAPER will do its best to figure out the correct start, end, duration of the tuplet based on the note positions, even as they changed around. To do this, make your note selection, choose Tuplet, Create tuplet from the context menu, then enter your required values in the Edit tuplet dialog box. The result of this might not always be to your liking: for this reason, you might prefer to use the method explained in the table General Editing Commands and Actions.
有关连音的详细信息,请参阅上表的“常规编辑命令和操作”。连音也可以用来指定一组音符选择的属性。例如,您可以将三个音符设置为连音,REAPER会根据音符的位置,尽可能地计算出连音的正确开始、结束和持续时间,即使他们改变了方向。要执行此操作,请选择音符,从上下文菜单中选择“连音”、“创建连音”,然后在编辑连音对话框中输入所需的值。这样做的结果可能并不总是符合您的喜好:因此,您可能更喜欢使用表常规编辑命令和操作表中说明的方法。
Voice
声部
Notes can be set to High voice or Low voice. To do this, simply make the selection, then right-click over it and choose Default voice, High voice or Low voice from the context menu. Notes in a given voice will be grouped and beamed together, and have their stems point away from the other voice, for visual identification of separate musical lines. You can also select a voice for a newly inserted note in the same way. From Voice on this menu (or from the general editing context menu), you can Select all notes in high voice or Select all notes in low voice. For high voice notes, articulations will be shown immediately above the notes: for low voice notes they will be shown immediately below the notes. Note also that the Color drop down box includes an option to specify that selected notes should be colored by voice, and that the Voice drop-down determines which voice is assigned to notes as they are inserted.
音符可以设为高声部或低声部。要执行此操作,只需构建选择,然后在其上单击鼠标右键,并从上下文菜单中选择“默认声部”、“高声部”或“低声部”。在同一声部中的音符将被组合在一起,并将其共用符杠,以及共用他们的符干方向,朝向与另一个声部相反的方向,以便从视觉上识别出独立的旋律线条。您也可以用同样的方式为新插入的音符选择声部。从此菜单上的“声部”(或从常规编辑上下文菜单),您可以“选择高声部的全部音符”或“选择低声部的全部音符”。对于高声部音符,奏法记号将显示在音符的正上方;对于低声部音符,奏法记号将显示在音符的正下方。另请注意,颜色下拉框包括一个选项,用于指定所选音符按声部染色,并且“声部”下拉框用来确定插入音符时,为音符分配的声部。
Phrase/slur
乐句/连音符
【译者注: 在圈内也有人把“连音符”叫做“圆滑线”】。
Phrase/slur Think of a musical phrase as being conceptually similar to a phrase in the English language. Take the example of the old Irish song, Cockles and Mussels. The words “alive alive oh” can be seen to make up a phrase. They belong together, and the end of that phrase would be a suitable place for a very brief pause. Likewise, the musical notes accompanying those words can be said to make up a musical phrase. The curved line that denotes the notes included in the phrase is known as a slur.
把一个音乐乐句想象成在概念上与英语中的短语相似。以爱尔兰的一首老歌“Cockles and Mussels”为例。可以看出,“alive alive oh”这几个字构成了一个短语。他们属于一起的,这句话的结尾做一个短暂的停顿,是一个非常合适的地方。同样,伴随着这些歌词的音符,可以说是组成了一个音乐乐句。指示乐句中所包含音符的曲线,叫做连音符
Shown here is the default technique (normal). You can choose a different slur technique (slide, bend, or hammer/pull) by choosing Phrase/slur, Technique from the notes right-click context menu.
此处显示的是默认技法符号(标准)。通过从音符右键单击上下文菜单中选择“乐句/连音符”、“技法符号”,可以选择不同的连音符技法符号(如: “滑弦”、“推弦”或“击弦/勾弦”)。
To define an actual phrase, first select the notes then choose Phrase/slur, Make phrase/slur from the right-click context menu. A phrase is indicated by a curved line (slur), as shown here. You can edit the phrase as a unit by clicking and dragging on the phrase mark.
要定义实际乐句,请首先选择音符,然后从右键单击上下文菜单中选择“乐句/连音符”、“设定乐句/连音符”。乐句由曲线(圆滑线)表示,如下所示。通过单击并拖动乐句的标记,可以将乐句作为一个单元进行编辑。
To select all notes in a phrase, select any note in the phrase, then right-click and choose Phrase/slur, Select all notes in phrase/slur. Phrase/slur, Remove phrase can be used to remove a phrase from a note selection.
要选择乐句中的所有音符,请选择乐句中的任意音符,然后右键单击并选择“乐句/连音符”、“选择乐句/连音符内的全部音符”。“乐句/连音符”、“移除乐句”可用于从音符选择中删除乐句。
Staff
谱表
Use this command to move a note or selection of notes from the treble clef to the bass clef, or vice versa, or to restore its default position.
使用此命令,可将音符或音符选择,从高音谱号移动到低音谱号,反之亦然,或恢复其默认位置。
Octave
八度
Use this command to move a note selection outside the staff up or down the display by 1, 2 or 3 octaves. This is another command that does not affect the underlying MIDI notes themselves. Notes that are very high or very low (and far away from the staff) can thus be moved closer to the staff without their pitch being affected.
使用此命令,可将音符选择的显示位置向上或向下移动一、二、三个八度。这是另一个不影响底层MIDI音符本身的命令。可以将很高或很低的远离谱线的音符,移动到离谱线更近的地方,而不会影响他们的音高。
Articulation
奏法记号
Articulations are used to indicate how individual notes within a passage are to be played - for example emphasised (Accent), brief and detached (Staccato). The options on this menu are shown on the right. These are instructions only, articulations do not affect the actual MIDI events. Up to two articulations and one ornament per note are supported.
奏法记号,用来指示段落中的单个音符是如何演奏的——例如强调(重音)、短促和分离(跳音)。此菜单上的选项显示在右侧。这些只是说明奏法,不会影响实际的MIDI事件。每个音符最多支持两个奏法记号和一个装饰音。
Ornament/Technique
装饰音/技法符号
Used to insert an ornamentation on or after a selected note, or each note in a selection. Options available are Grace note, Tremolo, Trill, Upper and Lower Mordent.
用于在所选音符或选择中的每个音符上或之后插入装饰音。可供选择的有:倚音、震音、颤音、上下波音。
A grace note is an extra note that is added as an embellishment and which is not essential to the harmony or melody. Grace notes will affect the actual MIDI events.
倚音是作为点缀而添加的额外音符,它对和声或旋律并不重要。倚音会影响实际的MIDI事件。
A trill (indicated by the letters tr) is used to provide rhythmic, melodic and/or harmonic interest thru a rapid alternation between two adjacent notes, usually a semitone or tone apart.
颤音(由字母tr表示),用于通过两个相邻音符之间的快速交替(通常是半音或音高相隔的)来提供有节奏的、旋律或和声的趣味。
A turn is a short figure consisting of the note above the one marked, the note itself, the note below the one marked, and the note itself again.
回音是一个短句子,由从其上方音符开始、到音符本身、到下方音符,再次回到本身音符而组成的。
Ornament (cont) A lower mordent (also known as an inverted mordent) is a single rapid alternation with the note below. An upper mordent is a single rapid alternation with the note above. It is often called simply a mordent.
下波音(也称为逆波音)是与下方音符快速交替的一种单一的波音。上波音是与上方音符单个快速交替。通常简称为波音。
Snap is an instruction to snap the string, so that it snaps back on the fingerboard.
拎弦是一个指示符号,先拎起琴弦,然后让他弹回到指板。
Pluck is an instruction to pluck a stringed instrument.
拨弦是拨弦乐器的指示符号。
Up bow and down bow also apply to stringed instruments: up bow is an instruction to draw the bow upwards or to the left, down bow downward or to the right.
上弓和下弓也适用于弦乐器的:上弓是指向上或向左推弓,下弓是指向下或向右拉弓。
An ornament can be removed by right-clicking on the note or note selection and choosing Remove ornament from the context menu.
通过右键单击音符或音符选择,并从上下文菜单中选择“移除装饰音”,可以移除装饰音。
Text/Custom
文本/自定义
Inserts text or custom notation. See General Editing Commands and Actions.
插入文本或自定义乐谱符号。请参见常规编辑命令和操作。
Note head
音符符头
You can change the graphic used to display your note heads from the standard elliptical symbol to any of a number of alternatives. Right-click over any note or note selection, then first choose Note head from the context menu followed by either Selected notes (only) or All notes at selected pitch. You can then select from a list of about 20 or so choices.
您可以将用于显示符头的图形,从标准椭圆符号更改为多种替代符号中的任何一个。右键单击任何音符或音符选择,然后首先从上下文菜单中选择“符头”,然后选择“选中的音符”(仅)或“所选音高的全部音符”。然后,您可以从列表中进行选择,大约有20个选项。
Display offset
显示偏移
This command is used to modify a selected note (or notes) position or length by nudging left or right. There is also an option to clear an existing display offset.
此命令用于通过向左或向右微移来修改选中的音符(或多个音符)的位置或时值。还可以选择清除现有的显示偏移。
Chords
和弦
To identify and notate a basic chord, first select the notes then choose Chords from the context menu. If a chord is identified, it will be shown as a menu option. Click on this text to confirm the chord. The chord name will then be displayed in the score. There is also an option to choose Other and enter the chords manually. This menu also includes the toggle action Identify chords on editor grid. Note: As well as being able to select key type (major, minor, etc.) from the MIDI Editor dropdown, you can also select Load... from that dropdown and import your own .reascale file which can be used to define your own scales and chords. The file sample.reascale is included with REAPER.
要识别和记录基本和弦,请首先选择音符,然后从上下文菜单中选择“和弦”。如果和弦被确定,它将在菜单中显示为一个菜单选项。单击此文本以确认和弦。然后,和弦名称将显示在谱面上。还可以选择其他,然后手动输入和弦。此菜单还包括切换操作“识别编辑器网格上的和弦”。注意:还可以选择调式(大调、小调等),从MIDI编辑器下拉菜单中,您还可以选择“加载...”,从该下拉菜单中导入您自己的.rescale文件,该文件可用于定义您自己的音阶和和弦。文件sample.recale包含在REAPER中。
Hide Notes
隐藏音符
Use this to hide currently selected notes. To unhide hidden notes, choose the Unhide all notes option from the same menu, with any note or notes selected.
使用此选项可隐藏当前选择的音符。要取消隐藏音符,选中任何一个或多个音符,从同一菜单中选择“取消隐藏全部音符”。
MIDI Editor Edit Commands.
MIDI编辑器编辑命令。
At the bottom of the notes context menu there is a section containing the several MIDI Editor Edit menu commands - Copy, Cut, Paste, Paste preserving position in measure, Select all, Delete, Insert note, Set note ends to start of next note )legato), Select previous note, Select next note and Note Properties. The Note properties... dialog is explained in Chapter 13. Note: The notations created in musical notation view will also be shown in event list view (see Chapter 13).
在音符上下文菜单的底部有个部分包含几个MIDI编辑器的编辑菜单命令——“复制”、“剪切”、“粘贴”、“粘贴(保持在小节中的位置)”、“全选”、“删除”、“插入音符”、“设置音符结尾到下一个音符的开始”、“选择上一个音符”、“选择下一个音符”和“音符属性”。音符属性对话框在第13章中有介绍。注:在乐谱视图中创建的符号也将显示在事件列表视图中(参见第13章)。

琴韵晓波

沙发 琴韵晓波说：
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