9.14 基于速度的音乐制作——REAPER用户手册中文版

琴韵晓波

楼主 琴韵晓波说：
9.14 Tempo Based Music Production
9.14 基于速度的音乐制作

REAPER incorporates a number of features which make it a good choice for tempo based music production. Some of these elements (such as creating loops and various item properties) have already been mentioned in the context of other uses. Others have not yet been mentioned. In this section we will draw these elements together to give you a flavour of how REAPER can be used for the production of tempo based music.
REAPER融合了许多功能,这使得它成为基于速度的音乐制作的一个很好的选择。其中一些元素(如创建循环和各种对象属性)已经在其他相关的用途中提到过。其他的还没有被提及。在这一节中,我们将把这些元素结合在一起,让你领略REAPER是如何被用来制作基于速度的音乐的。
Creating tempo based music is a process that largely consists of creating and sequencing loops from audio samples. These become the building blocks from which a work is created. Individually they can vary in length from a single note to a complete rhythmical pattern, and anything in between.
创建基于速度的音乐,是一个很大程度上包括从音频采样创建循环,并对其排序的过程。它们成为创作作品的基石。从单个音符到一个完整的有节奏的模式,以及介于两者之间的任何东西,它们的长度可以是不同的。
One advantage that sampling has over MIDI is sound quality. There are any number of human performance techniques and subtle variations that it are very difficult if not impossible to simulate with MIDI. However, until recently MIDI held one big advantage over sampling. A MIDI track can easily be transposed without altering its tempo, and its tempo can be changed without affecting its pitch. This has not always been the case with audio.
与MIDI相比,采样的一个优势是音质。有许多人类的演奏技巧和微妙的变化,用MIDI模拟是非常困难的,如果不是不可能的话。然而,直到最近,MIDI还拥有一个比采样更大的优势。MIDI轨道可以在不改变速度的情况下很容易地调换位置,并且可以在不影响音高的情况下改变速度。音频并不总是这样。
Take the example of drum loops. One of the biggest problems with using samplers to trigger drum loops has been that when the tempo changes, so does the pitch.
以鼓循环为例。使用采样器触发鼓循环的最大问题之一是,当速度改变时,音高也会改变。
Samplers change pitch by slowing things down or speeding things up. This means that as you play keys up and down your keyboard, you must at the same time handle the issue of beat changes. It becomes almost impossible to get the exact tempo you want without having to open the sampler and make adjustments to the loops.
采样器通过放慢速度或加快速度来改变音调。这意味着当你在键盘上按下键时,你必须同时处理节拍变化的问题。在不打开采样器并对循环进行调整的情况下,几乎不可能获得您想要的准确速度。
Today, however, there are available many tools that can do all this for you. The time and pitch altering tools that come with REAPER use high quality algorithms which give you all the options you need to change or maintain such factors as length and intonation. It thus becomes possible to modify samples accurately and without distorting their essential characteristics.
然而,今天有许多可用的工具可以为您完成所有这些工作。REAPER自带的时间和音高调整工具使用高质量的算法,为您提供更改或保持长度和音高等因素所需的所有选项。因此,可以精确地修改采样,而不会扭曲它们的基本特性。
ReCycle is one program that has become popular because its REX grooves automatically arrange themselves to the project tempo on import Bring in a groove and it always fits the song.
ReCycle是一个很受欢迎的程序,因为它的REX智能律动在导入时会自动根据工程节奏进行排列,带来一个智能律动,而且它总是适合歌曲。
Take a set of items representing slices in a rhythmic groove, set their timebase to beats, and change the tempo -- magic! They move all over the place but remain exactly in rhythmic time according to the tempo.
取一组代有节奏智能律动的切片对象,将它们的时基设置为节拍,然后改变速度——神奇!他们全部移到别的位置后,仍然会根据速度精确地调整节奏的时间。
Using REX files you are able to play back loops at different tempos without altering the pitch. You're on your way to being able to create drum loops and other sounds exactly the way you want them, and with relatively little effort. Later in this chapter we'll have more to say about ReCycle, and indeed about REAPER's own dynamic splitting capabilities which puts this magic at your disposal.
使用REX文件,您可以在不改变音高的情况下以不同的速度回放循环。您将能够以您想要的方式创建鼓循环和其他声音,并且只需相对较少的努力。在这一章的后面,我们将会更多地谈论ReCycle,甚至是关于REAPER自己的动态分割能力,它把这个魔法放在你的手中。
After dynamic splitting, just double click in the BPM area of the transport bar, enter a number and, hey presto! The whole track plays faster, or slower, in perfect pitch. What's more, the whole track will speed up or slow down naturally, without glitches, pauses or stuttering.
在动态分割之后,只需双击走带栏的BPM区域,输入一个数字,然后就可以了!整条轨道以完美的音调或快或慢地播放。更重要的是,整条轨道会自然加速或减速,不会出现故障、停顿或结巴的部分。

琴韵晓波

沙发 琴韵晓波说：
9.14.1 Project Settings
9.14.1 工程设置
Before creating any music, you should make sure that your project settings are specified correctly. To display the project settings dialog box, press Alt Enter or choose the command File, Project Settings …? from the main menu. In particular, check the following:
在创建任何音乐之前,您应该确保正确指定了工程设置。要显示工程设置对话框,请按Alt+回车键,或选择命令“文件”--“工程设置”。从主菜单上。尤其要检查以下事项:
　　? Under Project Settings, Set project BPM.
“工程(BPM):”在“工程设置”下,设置工程的BPM。
　　? Under Project Settings, Set time signature.
“拍号/”在“工程设置”下,设置拍号。
? Under Project Settings, Timebase for events. You can select Time, Beats (position, length, rate) or Beats (position only). The former locks items to the timeline so that changes in tempo will cause items to be resized and their play rate adjusted. With Beats (position only), the start of the item is locked to the beat, but the item contents are not affected or modified by tempo changes.
“对象/包络/标记的时基:”在“工程设置”下,选择事件的时基。您可以选择“时间、节拍(位置、长度、速率)”或“节拍(仅限位置)”。前者将对象锁定在时间轴上,因此速度的变化会调整对象的长短和播放速率。使用“节拍(仅限位置)”,对象的开始位置将锁定为节拍,但对象内容不受速度更改的影响而修改。
　　? Under Project Settings, Default pitch shift mode and parameter.
“默认的移调算法”在工程设置下,选择默认的移调模式和参数。
Remember that you can change the timebase for individual tracks (right-click, Track timebase) and for individual media items (F2, Item timebase). You can also change properties such as Beats per Minute and Time Signature as often as needed during the song. For example, you can increase the tempo for one passage then restore it to its original setting at the end of that passage. Shortly we will see an example of how this is done.
请记住,您可以更改单条轨道(右键单击,选择“轨道时基”)和单个媒体对象(F2,选择“对象时基”)的时基。您还可以在歌曲过程中根据需要更改属性,如每分钟的节拍和拍号。例如,您可以增加一个段落的速度,然后在段落末尾将其恢复到该段落的原始设置。不久,我们将看到一个如何做到这一点的示例。

琴韵晓波

板凳 琴韵晓波说：
9.14.2 Audio Media Item Properties
9.14.2 音频媒体对象属性
You can record your own media items or import them from existing files. You can also change various properties such as playback rate and pitch for individual media items.
您可以录制自己的媒体对象,也可以从现有文件导入。您还可以更改各个媒体对象的各种属性,如播放速率和音高。
You can specify parameter settings for individual media items and/or for selection of items. For example, if you wish to change the pitch or playback rate for several items you can select those items and press F2 (or right click any where in the selection and choose the Item properties…? command). In the example shown, we are increasing the playback rate for the selected items by 5% and preserving the original pitch.
您可以为各个媒体对象或对象选择指定参数设置。例如,如果您想要更改多个对象的音高或播放速率,您可以选择这些对象,并按F2(或右键单击选择中的任意位置,并选择“对象属性...”(命令)。在显示的示例中,我们将所选对象的播放速率提高5%,并保持原始音高。
You can override the project default pitch shift mode. You may find that different algorithms work better with different kinds of audio item (such as vocal, snare, kick or bass guitar).
您可以替代工程默认的移调模式。您可能会发现,不同的算法对不同类型的音频对象(如声乐、军鼓、底鼓或贝斯吉他)效果更好。
Set your Stretch marker fade size select your preferred mode - Balanced, Tonal optimized, Transient optimized or No pre-echo reduction. More information about time stretching can be found in the section Time and Pitch Manipulation.
设置拉伸标记淡变大小,选择您的首选模式--“平衡模式”、“音调优化模式”、“瞬态优化模式”或“无预回声减少模式”。关于时间拉伸的更多信息,可以在时间和音高操作一节中找到。

琴韵晓波

地板 琴韵晓波说：
9.14.3 Creating a Loop from a Time Selection
9.14.3 从时间选区创建循环
Remember that you are able to select any part of an existing media item and use it to create a loop. This subject is covered earlier in this chapter.
请记住,您可以选择现有媒体对象的任何部分,并使用它来创建循环。本章前面部分介绍了此主题。
Chapter 15 will introduce you to REAPER's actions and the action list editor. This can be used to assign keyboard shortcuts to many actions that can be useful when you are working with loops and time selections.
第15章介绍REAPER的操作和操作列表编辑器。这可用于为许多操作指定键盘快捷键,这些快捷键在处理循环和时间选区时非常有用。
There are actions, for example, to extend the time selection in either direction, to reduce it from either direction or nudge it in either direction. Browsing and searching the action list will help you to identify those which are most useful to you. Chapter 15 will show you how to bind these actions to your own shortcut keys.
例如,可以在任一方向上延长时间选区,从任一方向减少时间选区,或在任一方向上微移时间选区。浏览和搜索操作列表,将帮助您确定哪些操作对您最有用。第15章向您展示如何将这些操作绑定到您自己的快捷键。

琴韵晓波

5楼 琴韵晓波说：
9.14.4 Creating a Loop from Transients
9.14.4 从瞬态创建循环
Another method of selecting the area required for your loop is to use the transients in an existing media item. The following actions are just some of the many that can be found within the Action List Editor (Chapter 15). Where no existing keyboard shortcut exists, you can assign your own if you wish.
选择循环所需区域的另一种方法,是使用现有媒体对象中的瞬态。下面的操作只是可以在操作列表编辑器中找到的众多操作中的一部分(第15章)。在不存在现有键盘快捷键的情况下,如果愿意,您可以指定自己的快捷键。
Item navigation: Move         cursor to nearest transient in item    Ctrl Tab
对象导航: 移动光标到对象中最近的瞬态    Ctrl+Tab
Item navigation: Move cursor to next transient in item    Tab
对象导航: 移动光标到对象中的下一个瞬态    Tab
Item navigation: Move cursor to previous transient in item    Shift Tab
对象导航: 移动光标到对象中的上一个瞬态    Shift+Tab
Time selection: Extend time selection to next transient in items
时间选区: 扩展时间选区到对象中的下一个瞬态
Assuming that you are using the default key bindings shown above, and that Ctrl Alt Tab has been assigned to Extend time selection to next transient in items, you can select the item, navigate exactly from transient to transient and select the exact area required.
假设您使用的是上面所示的默认键绑定,并且已指定Ctrl+Alt+Tab将时间选区扩展到下一个瞬态输入对象,则可以选择对象,从瞬变到瞬变精确导航,然后选择所需的精确区域。
You can select the item, copy and paste it elsewhere, then right click over it, choosing Copy loop of selected areas of items from the context menu.
您可以选择对象,将其复制并粘贴到其他位置,然后在其上单击鼠标右键,从上下文菜单中选择“复制对象中选中的区域为循环”。
These are just a few of the actions and commands that can be used to suit your own method of working when creating your tempo-based projects.
在创建基于速度的工程时,可以使用这些操作和命令来适应您自己的工作方法,这些只是其中的一些操作和命令。
Explore the others and get to know them. They include:
探索其他的,并了解他们。它们包括:
   Copy selected area of items
复制对象中选中的区域
   Trim items to selected area
修剪对象到选中的区域
   Split items at prior zero crossings
在上一个零交叉点处分割对象

琴韵晓波

6楼 琴韵晓波说：
9.14.5 Beat Correction
9.14.5 节拍校正
REAPER includes many actions to assist with beat detection and beat correction, e.g. to detect tempo, create measures from time selections, extend or swap time selections to the next transient, and more. Some are on the context menus and all are in the Action List. Any action can be assigned to toolbars, menus and/or shortcut keys, or run directly from the action list window. More information about all of these can be found in Chapter 15.
REAPER包括许多操作来协助节拍检测和节拍校正,例如“从时间选区创建小节(检测速度)”,“扩展或交换时间选区到下一个瞬态”,等等。其中一些位于上下文菜单中,全部都位于操作列表中。任何操作都可以分配给工具栏、菜单或快捷键,或者直接从操作列表窗口运行。有关所有这些操作的更多信息可以在第15章中找到。
How you string these actions together is up to you. For example, you might have a live performance that was not done to a click. It is a simple process to go thru the track and manually tempo-map the whole performance.
如何将这些操作串在一起取决于您自己。例如,您可能有一场没有点击即可完成的现场表演。这是一个简单的过程,通过轨道,并手动绘制整个表演的速度映射。
Example
示例
Here we have used our shortcuts to create and extend extend the selection out, as required. We then choose Create measure from time selection (detect tempo), either from the timeline's context menu or using the keyboard shortcut Alt Shift C. This process is repeated until we come to the first place where a change of time signature is required.
在这里,我们根据需要,使用快捷键创建并扩展扩大选区的范围。然后,我们从时间轴的上下文菜单或使用键盘快捷键Alt+Shift+C选择“从时间选区创建小节(检测速度)”。重复这个过程,直到我们到达第一个需要更改拍号的地方。
By right clicking over the timeline we display the context menu and select the command Create measure from time selection (new time signature)... This causes the Edit Time Signature dialog box to be opened, which you can edit at will then click on OK. This procedure can then be repeated up to the end of the performance.
通过右键单击时间轴,显示上下文菜单,并选择命令“从时间选区创建小节(新拍号)...”。这将导致打开编辑拍号对话框,您可以随意编辑该对话框,然后单击确定。然后可以重复这个过程,直到表演结束。

琴韵晓波

7楼 琴韵晓波说：
9.14.6 Transient Detection Settings
9.14.6 瞬态检测设置
The command Edit, Transient Detection Settings causes the window shown here to be displayed. This can be used to make your transient detection sound more natural and human, by introducing subtle variations in sensitivity and/or volume threshold. Enabling the zero crossings option will help to prevent unwanted clicks.
命令“编辑”、“瞬态检测设置”可显示此处所示的窗口。这可以通过在灵敏度或音量阈值上引入细微的变化,使您的瞬态检测听起来更自然、更人性化。启用“零交叉点”选项,将有助于阻止不需要的咔哒声。

琴韵晓波

8楼 琴韵晓波说：
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